In ethiopia and kenya, two of the worlds most droughtprone countries, children aged five or less are respectively 36 and 50 percent more likely to be malnourished if they were born during a drought. Climate variability and climate change are significant contributing factors in the food security challenges ethiopia currently experiences and will experience going forward. It is a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition. Determinants of farmers choice of adaptation to climate. Pdf climate variability and household adaptation strategies in.
Complex patterns of climate, climate change, and livelihoods. The effect of climate change and variability on the livelihoods of local communities. Local innovation in climatechange adaptation by ethiopian pastoralists ii acknowledgements above all, the team is very grateful for the support and facilitation from prolinnova international, prolinnova ethiopia and pfe. Ethiopia is in the tropical zone laying between the equator and the tropic of cancer. Ethiopia leads the way on climate change aiga forum. Pdf climate change in ethiopia variability, impact, mitigation, and. This study is focused on analysis of temporal variability and trends in historical rainfall records for stations in the geba river basin. Climate variability causes enormous suffering particularly on rural farmers whose livelihoods depend largely on rainfed agriculture. The extension governance reforms combine three main functional components. The world bank climate profile of ethiopia lists the following implications for disaster risk management from climate change.
Smallholder farmers adaptation to climate change in zenzelima, ethiopia a case study of female and male farmers perception of and ability to adapt to climate change in zenzelima, ethiopia. Droughts and floods occur frequently in most parts of ethiopia, indicating how the country is suffering from climate variability and extreme events, and future climate change constitutes a major. Decreases in julyseptember rainfall observed in the 1980s have shown recovery in the 1990s. Thesis submitted to lund university masters program in environmental studies. Smallholder and subsistence farmers, pastoralists and forestdependent households are the most hit by climate related hazards. The study was conducted in the north shewa zone of oromia regional state in ethiopia. Martin prowse, climate variability and livelihood diversification in northern ethiopia. It was prepared by chemonics for the atlas task order. Agency for international development usaid famine early warning systems network fews net, examines recent trends in marchjune, juneseptember, and marchseptember rainfall and temperature, identifying significant reductions in rainfall and increases in temperature over time in many. Implications of and possible responses to climate change of and. Local innovation in climatechange adaptation by ethiopian. Climate variability and household adaptation strategies in southern ethiopia.
West hararghe, ethiopia belaineh legesse1 yared ayele2 woldeamlak bewket3 abstract this study assessed farmers perceptions and adaptation to climate variability and change in doba district, west hararghe, ethiopia. The topography is ragged terrain with some mountains. The objective of this paper was therefore to quantify the effect of climate change on ruminant livestock population dynamics in ethiopia. Although climate change is a global problem, what makes it particularly chronic in eastern africa is the strong poverty reduction and climate change nexus. Ethiopia is seriously threatened by climate change. Effectiveness of current policy frameworks in mitigating climate. Causes for vulnerability of ethiopia to climate variability and change include very high dependence on rain fed agriculture which is very sensitive to climate.
Climate changevariability impacts on farmers livelihoods. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive view on the general patterns of the ssttorainfall teleconnections across both time and space for ethiopia. It also aims to assess the capability of two coupled. The cost of adapting to climate change in ethiopia robinson, s. There is not a statistically significant trend in observed mean rainfall in any season in ethiopia between 1960 and 2006.
As a result, many malariaprevention efforts have been based largely on simple elevation thresholds, for example targeting elevations below 5,700 feet 1,750 meters, assuming that higher elevations were. The report is part of a broader study, the economics of adaptation to climate change eacc, which has two objectives. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia. Climate change impact on livelihood, vulnerability and. Oxfam and its partners have been working to design solutions to. Climate change, climate change variability, climate change drivers, impacts of. The study also investigated determinant factors influencing adaptation strategies to climate variability and change. The aim of this study was to understand the association of crop production with climate variability in the central highlands of ethiopia. The effect of climate change on ruminant livestock. Strenghtening capacity for climate change adaptation in the. For ethiopia, that translates into some 2 million additional malnourished children in 2005 undp, hdr 200708.
Local climate variability and crop production in the. Gender is primarily a social construction and as such embodies in it social norms, expectations, and roles which men and women fill in the society. This brief report, drawing from a multiyear effort by the u. Adaptation to climate change in subsaharan agriculture core. Ethiopia in general the dera woreda in particular is not an exception. Determinants of smallholder farmers choice of coping and. The geba catchment is surrounded by the danakil basin in the east, by the tekeze. Growth should remain robust in 2020, supported by projects under the second growth and transformation plan 20152020. Ethiopia establishes national framework for climate services.
The effect of climate change and variability on the. Climate change and variability has been detected in ethiopia. Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability. The climate of ethiopia is characterized by showing high variability annually, seasonally and. Specifically, high levels of poverty, rapid population growth, and high level of reliance on rainfed agriculture, high levels of environmental degradation, chronic food insecurity and frequent natural. They combine historical crop production and weather data in ssa into a panel analysis.
According to the countrys national adaptation programme of action, climate change in ethiopia will bring changes in precipitation patterns, rainfall variability. The climate change adaptation activities in east africa notably in ethiopia and. While nonclimatic factors can be managed by different stakeholders in the short or longterm, little could actually be done to change the influence of climate, particularly rainfall alemayehu and bewket, 2016. Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change wiley online. Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal. C i aceeettthhhiiiooopppiiiaaa t cllliimmm aat tte ee. Pdf this paper examines the determinants and implied economic impacts of. Ethiopia weather, climate and geography weather and climate best time to visit. Ilri is part of the consultative group on international agricultural research.
In this regard, it is important to mention that ethiopia is has formally merged her aims of. Smallholder farmers adaptation to climate change in. Projections of change in the rainy seasons amj and jas which affect the larger portions of ethiopia are more mixed, but tend towards slight increases in the south west and deceases. Particularly ethiopia is among the most vulnerable countries to climate variability with little adaptive capacity. Ethiopia weather, climate and geography world travel guide. In ethiopia, where the majority of land is dominated by pastoral life yimer 2014, these two concepts poverty. The majority of rural people in ethiopia depend on climate sensitive rainfed agriculture, which is the source of their livelihood and the basis for national growth and domestic products. Measuring the economic impact of climate change on. International institute for environment and development. Pastoralists and smallscale farmers are already feeling these impacts in their food security and livelihood opportunities.
Climate change, growth, and poverty in ethiopia ethiopia. Teleconnections between ethiopian rainfall variability and. Climate change refers to long term fluctuations of temperature, precipitation, wind and other elements of earths climate system. They have to have perception of climate change in order to respond it through making coping andor adaptation strategies. Climate change is of critical importance to ethiopia. This case study for ethiopia is a contribution to the study current policy frameworks for. Analysis of variability and trends in rainfall over. Analysis of observed and perceived climate change and. This study was conducted at konso district in southern ethiopia. Agricultural extension is expected to facilitate climate change adaptation through training. On the impact of weather variability and climate change on.
Oxfam welcomes the ambitious indc from ethiopia, as it sets farreaching shortterm and longterm goals on adaptation and reducing emissions. Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal rainfall in ethiopia. Ricardian approach1 temesgen tadesse deressa2 1 an earlier version of this working paper was published as ceepa discussion paper number 25. Climate change is expected to increase the surface temperature of the earth and the oceans, raise sea levels, alter the global distribution of rainfall, affect the direction of ocean currents and major airstreams, and increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. In ethiopia, it has been difficult to identify temperature trends for individual weather stations, much less across the highlands as a whole. This variability of the rainfall and recurrent droughts in the country affects the lives of millions of people whose livelihood is mainly dependent on subsistence agriculture. It has three different climate zones according to elevation. The relevance of climate and its variability on natural. Climate variability and its impacts on food production 263 methodology the study area. Both climate variability and change have been occurring in ethiopia. Rainfall is a key component of the hydrological cycle, and its spatiotemporal variability is essential from the both scientific and practical perspectives. Climate change impacts on pastoral women in ethiopia. In the case of central rift valley region of ethiopia mikias biazen wondo genet college of forestry and natural resources, hawassa university, shashemene, ethiopia email. Cervigni 20 ethiopia strategy support program ii working paper 53, ifpri essp wp 53.
Ethiopia is among the most vulnerable countries to climate change in africa conway and schipper, 2011. Most rural people live in the highlands and middlehighlands, which comprise only onethird of the country, and this population tends to be. The adverse effects of climate change and variability forced them to design proper adaptation strategies. A team of researchers from virginia tech have predicted that water availability in the blue nile basin of ethiopia may increase in coming decades due to global climate change. Climate change, ethiopia, mitigation, vulnerability.
It supports 400 development projects and programmes in 57 countries in africa, asia and latin america. Climate ethiopia average weather, temperature, rainfall, when to go, what to pack in ethiopia, the climate varies mostly with altitude, and it goes from the hot and arid climate of the lowlands to the cool climate of the plateau. Rising temperatures are exposing more people to malaria. Climate change may help ethiopia, increase the countrys. Ethiopia economics of adaptation to climate change. Natural climate variability and longterm climate trends both contribute to fluctuations in weather that affect operations in water resources, agriculture, energy, health and more. Ethiopian treasures explores the many varied aspects of ethiopia including its history, culture, tradition, religion, language, calendar, geography and climate. The usaid climate change adaptation, thought leadership and assessment atlas activity has undertaken field work. Pdf climate change in ethiopia variability, impact.
Pdf climate change refers to long term fluctuations of temperature, precipitation, wind and other elements of earths climate system. Smallholder and subsistence farmers, pastoralists and forestdependent households are the most hit by climaterelated hazards. Wasp and growth in gdp and agricultural gdp in three countries in subsaharan africa. Can it adapt to climate change and build a green economy. Despite the challenges, ethiopia hopes to capitalise on its current economic growth by becoming more resilient to the impacts of climate change while developing its economy in a carbon neutral way. Ethiopias economy and the wellbeing of its people varies, in part, with the climate.
Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia introduction. On the impact of weather variability and climate change on agriculture. The cost of adapting to climate change in ethiopia mit. Climate risks and development projects assessment report for a communitylevel project in guduru, oromiya, ethiopia marius keller bread for all, november 2009 bread for all is the swiss protestant churches development agency. Lying just north of the equator, the country experiences little variation in temperature throughout the year. Evidence from ethiopia mintewab bezabih, salvatore di falco, and alemu mekonnen abstract weather fluctuations tend to be as important as climate change in farmers decision making in countries such as ethiopia that have virtually no weather insurance. However, the detail spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over the horn of africa in general and ethiopia in particular is highly complex and not well known yet. Implications for household food security in agropastoral areas of jigjiga district, eastern ethiopia yared lemma1, fekadu beyene2 and bekele hundie3 abstract ethiopia is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world to the impacts of climate change and variability. The results of this analysis are intended to provide the government of ethiopia, civil society organizations, and international donors a basis for.
North shewa zone is located in the northwestern direction of addis ababa. Whether climate change affects women differently than men, brief climate change impacts on pastoral women in ethiopia. Climate change impact on livelihood, vulnerability and coping mechanisms. Climate change in ethiopia variability, impact, mitigation, and adaptation article pdf available may 2016 with 22,774 reads how we measure reads. Ethiopia leads the way on climate change page 7 following ethiopias submission of the intended nationally determined contribution indc, oxfams international climate adviser, said. Weather variability, climate change and agricultural productivity in ethiopia.